Exercise 6.1: Below the Surface
"Take the subject of the last book or news article you read and think of its systematic aspects. Are there objectives? Rules? Procedures? Resources? Conflict? Skills to be learned? Make a list of the systematic elements of the subject or activity. Do this several times per week with different types of activities or hobbies" (Fullerton, 2014, p. 170).
School officials order windows screwed shut after teachers open them to increase ventilation
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/school-windows-screwed-shut-covid-air-exchange-1.5920084
Objectives: For teachers and students to receive proper ventilation and increased airflow at Godson Elementary School in Abbotsford, B.C. in order to reduce their chances of contracting Covid-19.
Rules: Teachers are not allowed to open windows as per the school district.
Procedures: Windows have been partially sealed by contractors sent by the school district and classrooms have been supplemented with air purifiers. The Ministry of Education will be reviewing district HVAC data and conducting quality assessments.
Resources: Teacher reports, district HVAC data, air quality and filtration system assessment data.
Conflicts: While the school district confirmed that the school’s filtration system meets the MERV-13 standard, the teachers do not feel safe. The teachers state that the older parts of the school building do not have an HVAC system and air purifiers in these classrooms are a ‘band-aid’ solution.
Skills to be learned: Implementation of better safety measures, transparency and accountability from school districts, openness and greater availability of public data about in-school transmissions, emotional support, conflict resolution.
Come get your mail, overflowing U.S. post office tells Canadian customers
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ogdensburg-post-office-canadian-mail-pandemic-1.5920502
Objective: Canadian customers to pick up their U.S. post in a timely manner.
Rules: If Canadian customers fail to pick up mail until March 15, 2021, the mail will be returned to the sender.
Procedure: Canadian customers will pick up all mail from U.S. postal boxes by March 15, 2021 due to overflow of parcels and limited capacity of postal boxes.
Resources: Reports from United States Postal Services office, storage, and capacity of P.O. boxes.
Conflict: Due to the pandemic, the land border between Canada and the U.S. has been closed for non-essential travel, so customers haven't been able to claim their mail across the border.
Skills to be Learned: Time management, increased understanding, and sympathy.
Headaches, toothaches could be result of stress-induced teeth grinding
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/grinding-teeth-pandemic-waterloo-dentist-1.5918187
Objective: Do not grind your teeth in order to avoid headaches and toothaches.
Rules: Be cognizant of stress-induced grinding.
Procedure: People are experiencing more stress during the pandemic, which is presenting in the form of headaches, earaches, or toothaches. Dentist attributes such pain in his patients to teeth-grinding and requests the public to be more aware and wear a night guard.
Resources: Pattern of symptoms in patients, dentist’s reports.
Conflict: Patients may not be aware that stress presenting in the form of headaches, earaches or joint pain could be due to grinding and therefore do not seek dental help as the first step.
Skills to be Learned: Awareness, self-care, healthy habits.
School officials order windows screwed shut after teachers open them to increase ventilation
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/school-windows-screwed-shut-covid-air-exchange-1.5920084
Objectives: For teachers and students to receive proper ventilation and increased airflow at Godson Elementary School in Abbotsford, B.C. in order to reduce their chances of contracting Covid-19.
Rules: Teachers are not allowed to open windows as per the school district.
Procedures: Windows have been partially sealed by contractors sent by the school district and classrooms have been supplemented with air purifiers. The Ministry of Education will be reviewing district HVAC data and conducting quality assessments.
Resources: Teacher reports, district HVAC data, air quality and filtration system assessment data.
Conflicts: While the school district confirmed that the school’s filtration system meets the MERV-13 standard, the teachers do not feel safe. The teachers state that the older parts of the school building do not have an HVAC system and air purifiers in these classrooms are a ‘band-aid’ solution.
Skills to be learned: Implementation of better safety measures, transparency and accountability from school districts, openness and greater availability of public data about in-school transmissions, emotional support, conflict resolution.
Come get your mail, overflowing U.S. post office tells Canadian customers
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ogdensburg-post-office-canadian-mail-pandemic-1.5920502
Objective: Canadian customers to pick up their U.S. post in a timely manner.
Rules: If Canadian customers fail to pick up mail until March 15, 2021, the mail will be returned to the sender.
Procedure: Canadian customers will pick up all mail from U.S. postal boxes by March 15, 2021 due to overflow of parcels and limited capacity of postal boxes.
Resources: Reports from United States Postal Services office, storage, and capacity of P.O. boxes.
Conflict: Due to the pandemic, the land border between Canada and the U.S. has been closed for non-essential travel, so customers haven't been able to claim their mail across the border.
Skills to be Learned: Time management, increased understanding, and sympathy.
Headaches, toothaches could be result of stress-induced teeth grinding
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/grinding-teeth-pandemic-waterloo-dentist-1.5918187
Objective: Do not grind your teeth in order to avoid headaches and toothaches.
Rules: Be cognizant of stress-induced grinding.
Procedure: People are experiencing more stress during the pandemic, which is presenting in the form of headaches, earaches, or toothaches. Dentist attributes such pain in his patients to teeth-grinding and requests the public to be more aware and wear a night guard.
Resources: Pattern of symptoms in patients, dentist’s reports.
Conflict: Patients may not be aware that stress presenting in the form of headaches, earaches or joint pain could be due to grinding and therefore do not seek dental help as the first step.
Skills to be Learned: Awareness, self-care, healthy habits.
Exercise 6.2: Game Deconstruction
"Take one of the games you have analyzed in your game journal and create a “game deconstruction” presentation. Analyze the formal, dramatic, and dynamic elements of the game. If you can, create a PowerPoint presentation from your analysis and organize an opportunity to present this to an appropriate audience. Lead a discussion of your ideas following the presentation" (Fullerton, 2014, p. 172).
Cats are Liquid - A Better Place
“You play as the cat, in a place created just for you and your friends. You get to go on a nice adventure with them where nothing goes wrong and everything is perfect, as long as your friends stay there, right by your side… This game contains dark story elements, including strong feelings of abandonment and detachment from reality. This game is not for children.” (Last Quarter Studio, 2021)
Formal Elements
Players
Objectives
Cats are Liquid - A Better Place
“You play as the cat, in a place created just for you and your friends. You get to go on a nice adventure with them where nothing goes wrong and everything is perfect, as long as your friends stay there, right by your side… This game contains dark story elements, including strong feelings of abandonment and detachment from reality. This game is not for children.” (Last Quarter Studio, 2021)
Formal Elements
Players
- People with mobile phones or other devices that choose to play the game.
- It is free so there is no financial barrier to entry (other than owning a mobile device)
- Adults who are not triggered by the content
- People with prior experience in platformer style games as there is minimal instruction
Objectives
- Overcome obstacles and escape through the end door of the level, without losing all three health and by utilizing the player’s unique controls and powers.
Procedures
- Procedural, ‘Cats are Liquid - A Better Place’ is quite simple. The starting action, if it could even be considered a starting action, is to select the level you are playing, but once playing, ending a level automatically begins the next almost seamlessly. The resolving action is entering a door and thus ends the level.
- On each level, the progression of action is to continue through the level, and is quite typical of the ‘platformer’ genre - get to the end and survive. The player can move left or right, jump, or crouch. These controls allow the player to move along the level, jump from platform to platform, climb walls, dodge enemies, and squeeze under tight spaces. At times the player has other abilities which must be utilized to overcome their matching obstacles.
- The procedures and learned by playing and gently scaffolded.
- From the perspective of skills and challenge, this game is very easy and if it were not for the story, would be boring, especially for those with experience with ‘platformer’ style games.
Rules
Resources
Conflict
Boundaries
Outcome
- As a digital game, the rules are upheld by the underlying code. The rules do not need to be explicitly stated, especially since ‘Cats are Liquid - A Better Place’ is extremely typical of a ‘platformer’ style game. A player must progress to the end without unintentionally falling off the platforms or getting harmed by enemies while under the force of typical gravity.
- The player's lives are always present on the top of the screen and when health is lost, the cat signals it with a ‘meow’ of pain. The concept and rules surrounding health are intuitive.
- New enemies, obstacles, or abilities are introduced throughout the game very slowly and learning the rules surrounding these elements is straightforward. Another good example of the scaffolding this game provides.
Resources
- Health is scarce and of value. The player has three lives and once depleted must restart from the last checkpoint. Health cannot be gained without completely losing, adding to its scarcity.
- The cat’s friends are not necessarily a game element, but an important part of the story. Without the other cats there would be no story, as the push and pull dynamic of the cat’s friends is the premise of the story. At times, the cat’s friends offer the player direction or special abilities necessary to complete the level. The other cats are scarce as there are only three.
Conflict
- Levels are designed in a way that it is challenging to reach the end - that is, “the procedures and rules of games tend to deter them from accomplishing goals directly” (Fullerton, 2014). A player must perform a series of maneuvers to overcome this conflict that the physical platforms, lack of platforms, walls, and enemies create.
Boundaries
- The game exists in the digital place and is confined to the device in which it is played. These are the boundaries of the gameplay.
- However, the game’s story is profound, personal, and emotional. This allows for an avenue for the story to enter the player’s psyche where the player may think about their own past experiences and emotions. This psychological aspect breaks through the temporal boundaries of the ‘magic circle’ and may have the player bringing past experiences into the front of their minds and thinking about the themes of the story after the game has ended.
Outcome
- Assuming a player can survive throughout the game, this game has a clear outcome that is unbeknownst to the player. There is only one way through the game and one way for the story to unfold.
- A sense of uncertainty is created from the story which the player is eager to uncover.
Dramatic Elements
Challenge
- The challenge of the game is relatively easy and the player has the opportunity to constantly retry with minimal consequence. Upon ‘losing’ the player restarts from the precious checkpoint, at most a couple minutes of game play previous.
- The challenge increases throughout the game as more difficult levels are created through the use of difficult obstacles, or consecutive obstacles, and new enemies and power ups to master.
Play
- The player has control and freedom to move within the game world. Movement is constrained to 2-D but there is enough control to induce the feeling of autonomy.
Premise
- The player has the choice to approach obstacles however they would like. The context is based in the understanding of the level types.
Character
- The main cat is the character which the game is centred around and the only character the human controls. The cat is the protagonist of the game and the story in which is described while playing. The cat has some simple controls such as moving left, right, jumping, and crouching under objects. Throughout the game the cat gains new simple abilities, only keeping one at a time to keep the controls. Some of these abilities include a grappling hook or floating on the spot.
- There are non-playable cat characters that are the cat’s friends. They come and go throughout the game and play a very important role in the story. The other cats either play through the level alongside the player’s character, leading the character, as ‘one’ with the player granting the player special abilities, are part of a ‘cut scene’ dialogue or are not present.
Story
- The story of ‘Cats are Liquid - A Better Place’ is what makes this game special. This story creates the overarching feeling of the game and only by one line of text revealed every once in a while (maybe every 10 seconds to 2 minutes, triggered by each level and distance traveled). The story is about depression, anxiety, and interpersonal conflict that can come from unhealthy social attachments. Cats are Liquid: A Better Place was so fascinating in that it combined such a complex and intense set of emotions through the story and in conjunction with a simple platformer game – a fine example that “a game can certainly be made out of any problem space, provided the designers are innovative enough” (Gee, 2008, p. 231).
- Power of sound. The sound is used as a powerful story element. Firstly, it helps set the tone. The character’s jump sounds alternate between three notes, which sounds like they belong to a diminished chord, setting an ominous or sad as well as a curious or unsettling feeling, which is directly resulting from the player’s interactions. The story text is obviously cued with a stylized typewriter sound. Music is introduced throughout the story and removed, at times abruptly where the player continues to play but questions that something is wrong. In this one example, the abrupt removal of music, creates tension and opportunity that the story’s text addresses.
Exercise 6.4: Blue-Sky Brainstorm
"In this exercise, use the techniques previously described to do a brainstorm for a “blue-sky” project. By blue sky, I mean that this project could not technically be made today, but we are going to pretend it could. The challenge is to come up with ideas for a “remote control” for a stereotypical character. Choose a character from this list:
- Door-to-door salesman
- Busy mother
- God
- Superhero
- Politician
Exercise 6.6: Do It
"Now it is time to brainstorm your own idea. Get a potential team together—either in class or a group of friends who are interested on working on a game with you. If you cannot get a group together, do it on your own. As you did in Exercise 6.4, in the blue-sky brainstorm, state an interesting challenge for your game, set up a whiteboard or a sheet of butcher paper, and use the techniques previously discussed to generate 100 ideas related to your challenge in 60 minutes. This might sound like a lot, but if you can keep the energy level up, you can do it!" (Fullerton, 2014, p. 181).
Game Design Possible Challenges:
Game Design Possible Challenges:
- Location based features - utilizing Mobile GPS
- Demonstrably ‘educational’
- The setting is in your neighbourhood
- maybe alternative reality opportunity
- I.e. you are an animal
- You’re in an apocalypse
- The player is the only one in this alternative reality?
- maybe alternative reality opportunity
- Involves physical movement
- Single player versus Game
Game Design Challenge: You are a Honey Bee in your Neighbourhood.
Brainstorm List of the ‘formal components’:
Brainstorm List of the ‘dramatic events’:
Brainstorm List of the ‘formal components’:
- Objectives
- Pollinate your neighborhood to make it green
- Increase bees population by collecting beehives
- Bring nectar back to hive - collect as much as possible (is there a time limit? Or until you collect it all or a predator eats you?)
- Avoid predators to safely make it to your beehive
- Procedures
- Walk around to control your bee
- Interpret the bee dance to get the direction?
- Can you give a bee dance a offer direction to other bees?
- Go to flower, collect flower nectar, return to hive
- Special process to get rid of mite?
- Certain amount of time to create a new hive?
- Like a sudden death?
- Special process to avoid predators?
- Do the predators ‘catch’ you if you are too close?
- Can the bee ‘sting’ the predators too? Maybe once it has enough points?
- Does a bee die if it stings?
- Lose heath? Lose a life?
- Start over - or lose all points?
- Can the bee ‘sting’ the predators too? Maybe once it has enough points?
- Can you evade predators?
- Do the predators ‘catch’ you if you are too close?
- Rules
- Collect points for flowers
- Nectar to keep the bees healthy and strong
- Points taken off if the bee gets infected or in contact with a predator
- Bad flowers are poison - pesticide -> lose health / change colour?
- Resources
- Number of bees (like health)
- Scarcity - not too many (3 or 5?)
- Bonus points for not losing any bees
- Bee Hives
- Can you build more hives?
- Can you collect or work with other bee hives to form larger colonies?
- Flowers
- ‘Good’ flowers and poisonous ones
- Predators
- Bears
- Skunks
- Frog
- Lizards
- Mites
- Green pastures?
- Bee keeper: “safe” place for bees to settle temporarily?
- Number of bees (like health)
- Conflict
- Predators
- Disease
- Polluted environment/ harsh living condition
- Boundaries : (temporarily world the game takes place)
- 1 km radius?
- Neighbourhood
- Range?
- Outcome
- Bee dance if you finish a level!
Brainstorm List of the ‘dramatic events’:
- Challenge:
- Time limits (when bees are looking for flowers around the neighborhood)
- Collect a certain number of points to reach the next level?
- Strategically plan how to keep bees healthy and active and increase number of bee hives
- Play
- Collecting stuff is fun! Gets you points
- Freedom to explore - ‘easter eggs’ to find
- Role-playing - taking on a new role is fun
- Plant (spread) flowers and green spaces in your neighborhood
- Premise
- You are the bee-keeper, helping the beehive navigate safely through the neighbourhood
- Character
- The beehive
- Story
- You are a bee in a neighborhood. Travelling with Queen Bee, you realized that your last hive is destroyed by a lethal disease.
But flowers are hard to come by nowadays - with land encroachment, habitat destruction etc.
But this cruel cruel world is not void of predators that want to eat you and your Queen and stop your hive from flourishing.
- You are a bee in a neighborhood. Travelling with Queen Bee, you realized that your last hive is destroyed by a lethal disease.
Exercise 6.7: Describe Your Game
In one or two paragraphs, describe the essence of your game idea. Try to capture what makes it interesting to you and how the basic gameplay will work. State your “X”—both razor and slogan—as a part of your game description. The X is the creative center of the game. It also an alignment tool—aligning the development team, marketing, advertising, and customers so that you can communicate the value of the game to each party in terms they understand.The razor cuts—it allows the team to determine which features belong and which do not. The slogan is catchy—it allows marketing and players to determine whether this sounds like something they want to do" (Fullerton, 2014, p. 188).
Bee-ing Around allows players to see their neighbourhood in the eyes of a bee, where the world is their bee-hive! Players will control their bee avatar by physically walking around as their phone’s GPS tracks their movement. Our game encourages physical activity and discovery-based play, as players explore their neighbourhood in search of virtual flowers, collecting nectar and safely bringing it to the virtual bee-hive. Some flowers are special and offer the bee power-ups such as replenished lives. As a player visits each flower, an audio story unfolds and brings challenges to the player. Simply collecting nectar is not the only thing a bee must accomplish — predators are lurking! Unexpected predators in your neighbourhood can appear around the corner or from behind that bees must avoid.
Upon successfully returning to the hive, the player must communicate with the colony in the form of a celebratory bee dance as to the location of the best flowers. The features of the game offer a rich learning environment, indirectly compelling the player to think of the environmental threat to bee survival as they take on the role of the bee in their own habitat. In addition to perspective building, and exploration, this game inadvertently evokes awareness of environmental protection and how humans and other creatures can co-exist peacefully, as we grapple with issues like climate change and territorial encroachment.
Bee-ing Around allows players to see their neighbourhood in the eyes of a bee, where the world is their bee-hive! Players will control their bee avatar by physically walking around as their phone’s GPS tracks their movement. Our game encourages physical activity and discovery-based play, as players explore their neighbourhood in search of virtual flowers, collecting nectar and safely bringing it to the virtual bee-hive. Some flowers are special and offer the bee power-ups such as replenished lives. As a player visits each flower, an audio story unfolds and brings challenges to the player. Simply collecting nectar is not the only thing a bee must accomplish — predators are lurking! Unexpected predators in your neighbourhood can appear around the corner or from behind that bees must avoid.
Upon successfully returning to the hive, the player must communicate with the colony in the form of a celebratory bee dance as to the location of the best flowers. The features of the game offer a rich learning environment, indirectly compelling the player to think of the environmental threat to bee survival as they take on the role of the bee in their own habitat. In addition to perspective building, and exploration, this game inadvertently evokes awareness of environmental protection and how humans and other creatures can co-exist peacefully, as we grapple with issues like climate change and territorial encroachment.
Exercise 6.8: Write a Treatment
"Take the description you wrote in Exercise 6.7 and expand it into a three- to five-page treatment for your game idea. A treatment does not go into great detail about every aspect or level of the game; however, it will address these top-level questions about the idea. Who is the game for? What will make it appealing to that market? What is the formal structure? The dramatic structure? Remember that this is just a draft. When you go on to the prototyping stage, you will address these questions again in more detail" (Fullerton, 2014, p. 190).
Formal structure:
Players
Objectives
Procedures
Rules
Resources
Conflict
Boundaries
Outcome
Formal structure:
Players
- Who is the game for:
- Everybody (suitable for all ages)
- Players with a mobile device
- People comfortable playing mobile games
- People who can navigate a map
- People who can comfortably walk up to 2 kilometers
- What will make it appealing to that market:
- Pokemon Go meets Pacman
- Discover a new world in your neighbourhood (see your world as bee)
- A treasure hunt of collecting flowers
- Action. The excitement of being chased around by predators you have to avoid
- Physically active
- Role playing story elements
- Augmented / alternate reality
Objectives
- To fill up on all of the available nectar and return it to the hive while avoiding predators (defined as bears, skunks, frogs, and lizards)
- Bonus if you can return to the hive and explain how to get to the best flowers - give your fellow bees the bee dance
- Bonus if you have all your lives
Procedures
- Starting action
- Step outside your house
- Turn on your phone’s GPS (disable battery saver mode)
- Start the game
- Once player starts - their physical location will be the starting point and the ‘hive’
- Progression of action
- Physically walk around for your bee avatar to collect nectar (points) from flowers
- Avoid predators that bring your life down
- Resolving action
- Return back safely to the ‘hive’ with all of the collected nectar
- Perform the bee dance
Rules
- Lives icon
- You have three bees and slowly
- Flower icon
- Flowers have nectar.
- The bee passes over the flower to automatically get the nectar
- That flower disappear from the map because it already claimed
- Predators
- Touching a predator will lose a life?
- If a predator sees the player, the bee, it will chase the bee until the bee returns to the safety of the bee hive, then the predator will return to its home/starting point
Resources
- Lives
- Three lives. Lives are necessary to play.
- They are made scarce since they are hard to renew.
- Flowers
- Scarcity
- There are a set number of flowers from the beginning of the game and disappear once a player collects them
- Utility
- Collecting the flowers is the games main objective
- The player must collect all the flowers
- Scarcity
Conflict
- The objective is for the bee to collect all flowers and return them to the hive however the rules deter the player to do this in the most efficient manner. Conflict arises since
- The player must physically walk there
- The player cannot cross private or inaccessible land
- The player must avoid predators
Boundaries
- This exists in the real and physical world. The ‘magic circle’ provides a temporary alternative reality. Physical boundaries of the game are a set amount of meters from the ‘hive’ (the starting point)
- Need good GPS signal. Technological limitation acts as a boundary for the game.
- Most of the rules and story are rooted in the science of bees. Again this circumvents the 'magic circle' blending reality with the game world
Outcome
- Succeeded if collected all flowers and returned to the hive
- Lost lives
- Assuming a player can survive throughout the game, this game has a clear outcome that is unbeknownst to the player.
- The sense of uncertainty and success for completion lies with the conflict with the predators.
Dramatic structure:
Challenge
To collect flowers without being touched by the predator. However, predators can be anywhere, at any time!
While the challenge level is flat, it may be perceived as increasing throughout the progression action. For instance, as a player collects more flowers, their options of which flowers to collect next are limited. A lack of options may increase the challenge, especially if predators are nearby.
Play
Collecting flowers is exciting; brings players nectar and points!
Role-playing - taking on a new role and perspective within the same environment is interesting.
Freedom to explore - since the character of the bee is controlled by physical movement of the player, the player can have fun and be creative in how they physically move around to have an effect in the digital game.
Premise
Help the beehive survive!
Character
The bee - the playable character. The bee is the protagonist of the game and story
Predators are non-playable characters. They are the antagonists of the game play
Story
You are a worker bee of the last bee hive on earth and the success for your bee hive will determine the survival of your species.
A healthy hive needs food and it is your job to provide sweet, sweet nectar from flowers.
Your bee hive is struggling to survive. There is little food in your surroundings due to habitat encroachment and pesticides. Your bee hive is depending on you!
But this cruel cruel world is not void of predators that want to eat you and your Queen and stop your hive from flourishing.
Exercise 6.9: Feature Design Exercise, Part 1
"Think of a feature you would like to see added to one of your favorite games. I am sure you have plenty of ideas on this one. It does not matter how far-fetched or technically difficult the idea is at first because you are not going to actually build it. Rather you are going to illustrate how it works using storyboards and words" (Fullerton, 2014, p. 193).
Favorite Game: Dance Dance Revolution
1. The DDR machine is a rhythm and
dance video game where player needs to step on
direction arrow pad and try to match the arrows
that appear on the screen.
Favorite Game: Dance Dance Revolution
1. The DDR machine is a rhythm and
dance video game where player needs to step on
direction arrow pad and try to match the arrows
that appear on the screen.
2. Out with the old and in with the new! Instead of using TV,
the avant-garde columns contains built-in sound system and
four projectors that projects real life figures images to interact with the players.
the avant-garde columns contains built-in sound system and
four projectors that projects real life figures images to interact with the players.
3. Aside from the arrow mat, a vertical sensor
will be added on the columns, which creates more
challenges for the players to move in synchronizing
motions.
will be added on the columns, which creates more
challenges for the players to move in synchronizing
motions.
4. Players are able to interact with game avatars
and work together in cooperative mode.
and work together in cooperative mode.
References
Fullerton, T. (2014). Game design workshop: a playcentric approach to creating innovative games, NY: Taylor & Francis (CRS Press)
Gee, J. P. (2008). Cats and portals: Video games, learning, and play. American Journal of Play, 1(2), 229.
Headaches, toothaches could be result of stress-induced teeth grinding: dentist | CBC News. (2021, February 20). CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/grinding-teeth-pandemic-waterloo-dentist-1.5918187
Last Quarter Studio (2021). Cats are liquid - a better place - apps on google play. Retrieved February 09, 2021, from https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lastquarterstudios.catsareliquidabp&hl=en_US&gl=US
School officials order windows screwed shut after teachers open them to increase ventilation | CBC News. (2021, February 20). CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/school-windows-screwed-shut-covid-air-exchange-1.5920084
Williams, N. (2021, February 20). You’ve got mail, overflowing U.S. post office near Canadian border tells Ontario customers | CBC News. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ogdensburg-post-office-canadian-mail-pandemic-1.5920502
Gee, J. P. (2008). Cats and portals: Video games, learning, and play. American Journal of Play, 1(2), 229.
Headaches, toothaches could be result of stress-induced teeth grinding: dentist | CBC News. (2021, February 20). CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/kitchener-waterloo/grinding-teeth-pandemic-waterloo-dentist-1.5918187
Last Quarter Studio (2021). Cats are liquid - a better place - apps on google play. Retrieved February 09, 2021, from https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.lastquarterstudios.catsareliquidabp&hl=en_US&gl=US
School officials order windows screwed shut after teachers open them to increase ventilation | CBC News. (2021, February 20). CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/school-windows-screwed-shut-covid-air-exchange-1.5920084
Williams, N. (2021, February 20). You’ve got mail, overflowing U.S. post office near Canadian border tells Ontario customers | CBC News. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ogdensburg-post-office-canadian-mail-pandemic-1.5920502